Applied anatomy of maxillary sinus in cynomolgus monkeys: a CBCT study

Objective: This study is to investigate possibility of usingcynomolgus monkeys as models to provide theoretical reference for maxillary sinus related scientific research of non-human primates. Methods: Cone bean CT (CBCT) scanning was performed in 20 sides of maxillary sinus from 10 cynomolgus monkeys. Measurements were conducted with the occlusal plane of bilateral maxillary first premolar to second molar as reference positions. The following distances were measured: from the corner of the anterior lower boundary in the lateral window of MSs to the anterior wall of the MS (d1); from the lower boundary to the maxillary sinus floor (d2); from the lower boundary to the top of alveolar ridge (d3); from the upper boundary to the top of alveolar ridge (d4); vertical window height (d5, d4-d3); anteroposterior window width (d6); the average thickness of the bone wall at anterior boundary (d7); the thickness of bone wall at 1/2 under the posterior boundary (d8); and the thickness of bone wall at the posterior upper corner of the window (d9). The mean value and standard deviation was then calculated. Results: No significant variations were found in the measured data of all individuals. And window position showed repeatability, suggesting a feasibility of the fenestration operation at the side wall of maxillary sinus. Conclusion: Cynomolgus monkey can be used for experimental model of lateral window approach.